Life Changing Ideas in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird :: essays research papers

Would you read a book that could change the way people lived their lives, but was against what people thought? How would you feel if you were the one writing the book? Would you go against the grain just to get your point across? Well Harper Lee did. She wrote To Kill A Mockingbird, to get a point across and in doing so she changed the way people think about everyday life. Nelle Harper Lee studied law for a short time, and then in 1961 the book To Kill A Mockingbird was published. She grew up in the small town of Monroeville, Alabama. Although she never said all her life experiences were incorporated into the book. By doing so she based her opinion through the thoughts and words of a young girl in the novel, known as Scout. Scout also grows up in a small town in the book, called Maycomb. In these small towns during the time in which the book was written, the white people of the community were put above all others. The blacks of the time were looked down upon, and considered the lowest of them all. In Maycomb this was no exception such is the case when the town, ?would go along with them on the assumption-the evil assumption-that all Negroes lie, that all Negroes are basically immoral beings, that all Negro men are not to be trusted (217) Also in such small towns everybody knows everyone, and because of such tight quarters all others a re branded as outsiders, and are distant from the community, which leads people to ask, ?If there's just one kind of folks, why can't they get along with each other? If they're all alike, why do they go out of their way to despise each other(240) Being involved or talking with these ?outsiders? was dishonorable. By writing the book Harper Lee did just that and went against what society is saying. In the book she speaks of being the outsider, rape, prejudice, and violence, even through talk about these things is shameful, she wanted to get her point across. She wanted people to know that ?it's a sin to kill a mockingbird`Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy.

Benign Paroxysmal Positional vertigo

Benign Paroxysmal Positional vertigo (BBPV) or ‘cupololithiasis’ is a common condition in which the individual experiences episodes of recurrent and brief postural vertigo and nystagmus (rhythmic rotation of the eyeballs) that tends to occur in clusters. The exact cause of the condition is not understood clearly, but the displaced remnants of the utricular otocania (which is a membranous structure present within the ear). The condition is also said to arise due to abnormalities in the posterior semicircular canal.It may be provoked by altering the position of the head relative to gravity during lying down, rolling the head in the bed, bending, titling the head backwards, sleeping or sitting up. The episodes of vertigo usually last for about 10 to 30 seconds. BPPV can involve either the posterior semicircular canals or the lateral semicircular canals or both. The condition can occur on one side or on either side of the skull. A Posterior canal BPPV can be converted into a lateral BPPV following repositioning maneuvers. The episodes of vertigo may take a few months or even years to resolve.The remission and recurrence is often considered to be unpredictable. BPPV is one of the most common disorders in which vertigo is experienced. The incidences may be about 17 % when a study was conducted in a vertigo clinic. In Japan, the occurrence of BPPV is about 10. 7 to 17. 3 per 100000 new cases every year. However, the actual incidence rates may be much higher as the condition can spontaneously resolve. The condition occurs more often in females compared to males. However, in younger individuals who often develop the condition following trauma, the male to female ratio is almost equal.The condition more frequently occurs in middle aged and elderly individuals between the ages of 40 to 65 years. In a study conducted in the elderly population, it was observed that about 10 % had unrecognized BPPV. Today, BPPV is one of those conditions which can be promptly di agnosed using a specific diagnosis process and treated using advanced techniques. Physiology A lot of studies have been conducted to determine the exact mechanism by which BPPV. In the inner ear, a small organ known as ‘vestibular labyrinth’ is present. Within this, a small structure known as ‘semi-circular canals’ is present.The semi-circular canals are nothing but loop-like structures, containing fluid and hair-like projections. They help to determine the movements of head in a three-dimensional direction. The Otolith also helps to determine the movement of the head relative to the body. In the otolith, certain crysltals of calcium carbonate are present. In certain conditions, these crystals may get dislodged into the semi-circular canals. When these crystals get dislodged, it makes the head very sensitive to positional changes. In conditions it is normally not required to respond, a dizziness-like sensation is perceived.BPPV are of two types, primary or idiopathic and secondary. In primary BPPV, the cause is not known and it accounts for 50 to 70 % of the cases. Secondary BPPV account for 7 to 17 % of the cases and is usually associated with head trauma. When the head is traumatized, otoconia crystals are released into the endolymph. The otoconia crystals are actually calcium carbonate crystals that get embedded in the utricle and the saccule. This occurs bilaterally, resulting in BPPV occurring on both sides. Studies have demonstrated that in 0. 5 to 3. 1 % cases, BPPV is associated with Meniere’s disease.Recently, it has been found that migraine is also closely associated with BPPV. Studies conducted on patients suffering from migraine when the patients were positioned in certain postures, BPPV tended to occur. The exact mechanism between migraine and BPPV is not known, but it is supposed to occur due to spasm of the inner ear. BPPV may also occur following surgery of the inner ear. Once the otoconia crystals get displaced , they begin to stimulate the hair cells present in the posterior semicircular canals. Once this promotion occurs, the individual constantly feels that he/she is in motion.There may also be other etiological factors for BPPV including degeneration of the otoconia membranes, concussion of the labyrinthine, middle ear infection, viral infections of the ear (such as viral neuronitis), taking bed rest for long periods of time (lying supine for long time), blockage of the anterior vestibular artery, anesthesia administration, administration of certain drugs, etc. Symptoms The symptoms of BPPV usually occur following a period of latency during which the condition initiates, but the symptoms are not felt.An individual suffering from BPPV would develop several symptoms including brief attacks of horizontal and/or vertical vertigo, dizziness, light-headedness, unsteadiness, a sense of loss of balance, blurring of vision which develops in association with the vertigo, nausea vomiting, etc. th e vertigo is usually felt following rolling on the bed or extending the head backwards. The individual may develop the vertigo when moving the head towards the left or the right or both. Whichever side the vertigo develops, that particular side is involved in the vertigo process. The attacks of vertigo usually last for about half a minute or thirty seconds.On repeated testing of vertigo symptoms, it usually diminishes. In some patients, this duration may get extended for about one minute. About 50 % of the patients suffering from BPPV experienced a kind of floating sensation. Following he vertigo sensations, the individual also experiences bouts of nausea and loss of static equilibrium. The frequency of the vertigo attacks vary from one individual to another, ranging from a several episodes in a day to a few episodes in a week or month. Some individuals may also be sensitive to movement of the head in any direction.Along with the symptoms, the individuals may also develop several me ntal symptoms including anxiety, depression, cancer phobia, etc. In certain situations, the vertigo attacks may be life-threatening. Take for example a high-rise building construction worker, can put himself in danger of losing his life in case he develops a vertigo attack related to BPPV. Even driving whilst suffering from BPPV is a danger, as the visual field is impaired. The episodes of vertigo can in fact disappear during the course of the disease and suddenly recur. Abnormal eye movements (nystagmus) are also common in BPPV.Serious complications arising from BPPV are rare. One of the potential complications includes dehydration due to constant vomiting which may develop from vertigo. Tinnitus and hearing loss are rarely associated with BPPV. Diagnosis The diagnosis of BPPV is made based on the history, symptoms, signs, physical examinations and diagnostic tests such as your electronystagmography (ENG), videonystagmography (VNG) and Magnetic resonance scans (MRIs). One of the co mmonest signs of BPPV is dizziness that occurs when the head or the eye is moved, that tends to occur for duration of up to one minute.One of the diagnostic examination procedures utilized to determine BPPV is Dix-Hallpike maneuver. It is utilized especially to diagnose posterior BPPV. The patient is made to sit upright on the bed with the chin/head facing downwards. Then the patient is slowly moved backwards and is taken into a lying position on the bed, with the chin/head moved backwards. Once the patient is taken into this position, nystagmus develops after one to five seconds and lasts for about 30 seconds. The nystagmus has initially a light vertical component and then a strong torsion component.When the patient is moved from the lying with head facing backwards, to the sitting position with the head bend downwards, then the two components of the nystagmus also beings to appear in reverse order. An associated sign with the nystagmus is vertigo which varies depending on the inte nsity of the nystagmus. The procedure should be repeated with the head facing the right side and the left side to determine the involvement of the posterior canal on either side. In order to determine for lateral BPPV, the patient is made to lie supine on the bed with head upright.Then the head and the entire body are turned to the suspected side of involvement quickly. A nystagmus appears which is horizontal in nature which has very short latency periods and becomes more and more oblivious when the test posture is maintained. The individual may get fatigued when kept in the lateral position for a long time. In some patients, the Dix-Hallpike maneuver may be positive, but may not in fact experience the symptoms of vertigo. These patients need to be tested again by repositioning. Electronystagmography and videonystagmography is utilized to determine the abnormal eye movements.ENG is enabled by using electrodes whereas VNG is enabled using cameras. The individual may feel dizziness du ring certain maneuvers, and this is studied using ENG and VNG. MRI scans are basically done to determine any brain tumor or lesion present within the skull that could be causing dizziness and vertigo. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI scans can help to determine of any lesion within the skull more closely. Several other conditions such as labyrinthitis, vestibular neuronitis, Meniere’s disease, etc, need to be ruled out through the process of differential diagnosis. TreatmentBPPV can remit spontaneously within a few months or weeks without any treatment. Drug treatment is usually not recommended, as the symptoms can reduce only temporarily and it offers no permanent solution for the condition. In some individual, the adverse affects of certain drugs may worsen the vertigo. One measure that can be applied in order to treat vertigo is exercises or provocative maneuvers. The individual needs to perform certain exercises in the morning which would cause fatigue and ensure that the symptoms for the remaining portion of the day are within control.Surgery and the canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) seem to the most effective forms of treatment for the condition BPPV. In the CRP procedure, the physician or the audiologist would be performing a series of maneuvers in order to reposition the canalith into the utricle. In the Epley’s maneuver, the patient is sedated and mechanical skill vibration is utilized to move the head into 5 different positions. The otolith debris would then be influenced by gravity and would move from their position in the semicircular canals into the utricle. The particle repositioning procedure is done by using a 3 stage maneuver.The physician or the audiologist should have a clear understanding of ear anatomy and the mechanism in which BPPV occurs. The prolonged position maneuver is utilized to treat BPPV that arises due to involvement of the lateral canals. Studies conducted by Blakley (1994) demonstrated that there were no significant changes in the outcome when the patient was treated with CRP or with nothing. This is because the brain may adapt to the vertigo. Surgery is usually recommended if the BPPV does not respond to maneuvers nor has a multiple recurrence rates.Singular neurectomy involves sectioning the ampullary nerve that transmits nerve signals from the posterior semicircular canals to the brain. However, there are also chances that the patient could become deaf. Posterior semicircular canal occlusion involves causing blockage of the semicircular canal lumen in order to prevent endolymph from flowing. When the individual performs any movement, the cupula does not respond. References: Epley, J. M. (1992). â€Å"The Canalith repositioning procedure: For treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. † Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 107(3).Gordon, C. R. Et al (2004). â€Å"Repeated vs single physical maneuver in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. † Acta Neurol Scand, 110, 166–169. Mayo Clinic Staff (2008). Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) – Introduction, Retrieved on June 3, 2008, from Mayo Clinic Web site: http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/vertigo/DS00534/DSECTION=1 Oghalai, J. S. (2007). Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, Retrieved on June 3, 2008, from The Merck Manual Web site: http://www. merck. com/mmpe/sec08/ch086/ch086c. html# Parnes, L. S. , Agarwal, S. K. , & Atlas, J. (2003).â€Å"Diagnosis and management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). † CMAJ, 169(7). Nunez, R. A. Et al (2000). â€Å"Short- and long-term outcomes of canalith repositioning for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. † Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 122(5). Seo, T. Et al (2007). â€Å"Immediate Efficacy of the Canalith Repositioning Procedure for the Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. † Otology & Neurotology, 28: 917Y919. Woodsworth, B. A. , Gillespie, M. B. , & Lambert, P. R . (2004). â€Å"The Canalith Repositioning Procedure for Benign Positional Vertigo: A Meta-Analysis. † Laryngoscope, 114, 1143–1146.

Propelling Club Med Back to the Top of Their Game - 753 Words

Since its inception in 1950, Club Med was a leader of its own. However, with the emergence of other vacation services organizations, Club Med soon lost its unique edge. Competitors such as Jack Tar and SuperClubs now included their own versions of â€Å"Club Med magic† – an all-inclusive price and a dedicated team of staff. Giraud must now decide how to create a sustainable competitive advantage for Club Med. He must consider the different aspects which will allow the company to innovate while keeping in check the industry’s structure, culture, service, and above all † – keeping the â€Å"Club Med magic† alive. Evaluation of Alternative Solutions To offer something that no other company can offer is what will propel Club Med back to the top of their game and re-coup both sales and market shares. Several opportunities exist for both Giraud and Club Med to explore, which includes: Brand and Positioning: Since the 1970’s, Club Med had a reputation of being the host resort for swinging singles and sex-oriented individuals. As their average customer profile ages, Club Med should look towards positioning the company to grow with its main clientele. By re-branding and positioning the company as family- oriented, it will attract another market segment that other companies have not reached. In addition to positioning itself as family- oriented, Club Med should also look towards positioning the brand to be more upscale and luxurious. This will allow it to compete with Jack Tar’s moreShow MoreRelatedHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 PagesTOP-TEAM POLITICS†¦page 90 WHEN YOUR CORE BUSINESS IS DYING†¦page 66 Y GE SE PA IN DS CK R M WA A 53 www.hbr.org April 2007 58 What Your Leader Expects of You Larry Bossidy 66 Finding Your Next Core Business Chris Zook 78 Promise-Based Management: The Essence of Execution Donald N. Sull and Charles Spinosa 90 The Leadership Team: Complementary Strengths or Conï ¬â€šicting Agendas? Stephen A. Miles and Michael D. Watkins 100 Avoiding Integrity Land Mines Ben

Troubleshooting Problems in Crystal Growing

Growing crystals is fairly easy and a fun project but there may come a time when your attempts to grow a crystal wont be a success. Here are some common problems people run into and ways to correct them: No Crystal Growth This is usually caused by using a solution that isnt saturated. The cure for this is to dissolve more solute into the liquid. Stirring and applying heat can help to get solute into the solution. Keep adding solute until you start to see some accumulate at the bottom of your container. Let it settle out of solution, then pour or siphon the solution off, being careful not to pick up undissolved solute. If you dont have any more solute, you can take comfort in knowing that the solution will actually become more concentrated over time as evaporation removes some of the solvents. You can speed this process up by increasing the temperature where your crystals are growing or by increasing air circulation. Remember, your solution should be loosely covered with a cloth or paper to prevent contamination, not sealed. Saturation Problems If youre sure your solution is saturated, try to eliminate these other common reasons for the lack of crystal growth: Too much vibration:Â  Keep your crystal setup in a quiet, undisturbed location.Contaminant in the solution:Â  The fix for this is to re-make your solution and only works if you can avoid contamination. (It wont work if your starting solute is the problem.) Common contaminants include oxides from paper clips or pipe cleaners (if youre using them), detergent residue in the container, dust, or something else falling into the container.Inappropriate temperature:Â  Experiment with temperature. You may need to increase the temperature around your crystals to get them to grow (this increases evaporation). For some crystals, you may need to decrease the temperature, which slows the molecules down and gives them a chance to bind together.Solution cooled too quickly or too slowly:Â  Did you heat your solution to saturate it? Should you heat it? Should you cool it? Experiment with this variable. If the temperature changed from the time you made the solution to the present time, the rate of cooling might make a difference. You can increase the rate of cooling by putting the fresh solution in a refrigerator or freezer (faster) or leave it on a warm stove or in an insulated container (slower). If the temperature didnt change, perhaps it should (heat the initial solution).Water wasnt pure:Â  If you used tap water, try re-making the solution using distilled water. If you have access to a chemistry lab, try deionized water that was purified by distillation or reverse osmosis. Remember: water is only as clean as its container! The same rules apply to other solvents.Too much light:Â  The energy from light can inhibit the formation of chemical bonds for some materials, although its an unlikely problem when growing crystals at home.No seed crystals:Â  If youre trying to grow one large single crystal, youll need to start out with a seed crystal first. For some substances, seed crystals may form spontaneously on the side of the container. For others, you may need to pour a sma ll amount onto a saucer and let it evaporate for crystals to form. Sometimes crystals grow best on a rough string suspended into the liquid. The composition of the string is important! Youre more likely to get crystal growth on cotton or wool string than on nylon or a fluoropolymer.Seed crystals dissolve when placed in the new container:Â  This happens when the solution isnt fully saturated. (See above.)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease - 661 Words

As an individual grows older, the body will also undergo changes to its system. The effects of changes on the respiratory system can cause problems to develop more easily and be more difficult to manage. Some changes that occur over time are that the nose tissue has reduced support which causes symptoms that interfere with air passage and reduced secretions causing tickling of the throat and coughing. The trachea will stiffen causing more difficulty in the coughing process making the ability to expel lodged items less effectively. The lungs will become smaller; the recoil of the lungs is decrease forcing the body to use other muscles in order to maintain the proper amount of gas exchanges. The thorax and the diaphragm lose skeletal muscle strength causing a reduction in vital capacity and residual volume left in the lungs. Elderly are also more apt to getting respiratory infections because their immune and lymphatic systems also are undergoing changes as they age. All of these change s mentioned above not only impact just the respiratory system but they also force an individual to change their normal daily functions. An individual may no longer be able to do the activities that cause even the most minimal amount of stress on their bodies, or they may become immobile. Despite the fact that as we age our bodies undergo structural changes there are also respiratory conditions that effect our older population. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease represents a group ofShow MoreRelatedChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease3277 Words   |  13 Pageshospital with a chief complaint of difficulty breathing; diagnosis includes congestive heart failure exacerbation (CHF) with pneumonia (PNA). He has a full code status. Past medical history includes congestive heart failure, COPD, peptic ulcer, chronic kidney disease stage 3, anemia, and hypernatremia. Patient is a widower who lives with son and consumes no alcohol or illicit drugs, he has is an ex-smoker with a 70 pack year history. Patient is a retired mechanic with no family medical history on file;Read MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1140 Words   |  5 PagesChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, also known as COPD, is defined as a progressive, chronic lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe by limiting airflow and it is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airway and shortness of breath and wheezing. BOOK/FAM PRAC â€Å"Progressive† means that the disease gets worse over time. â€Å"COPD is one of the important diseases that lead to restrictions, disability, and an increase in mortality rates among elder population† [4,5].TURK STUDY QUOTE TheRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1789 Words   |  8 PagesChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease also known as COPD, is one of the third leading cause of death in the United States (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [NHLBI], 2013a). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2015) approximately 15 million Americans are affected by COPD, with a morbidity rate of 6.8 million. Data from the CDC from 2011 states that 6.3% of the U.S population suffer from this disease; Florida has the COPD prevalence rate of 7.1% with the highestRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease820 Words   |  4 Pagesof mortality worldwide, COPD or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is reported to account for more than three million deaths per year 1 and is estimated to rank fifth in disease burden in 20202. The Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines updated their definition of COPD in 2006 as â€Å"a preventable and treatable disease with some significant extra-pulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients. Its pulmonary component is characterised by airflowRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1269 Words   |  6 PagesGlycopyrronium- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Introduction The critical appraisal of a research article is a method of examining its validity, value and relevance to study. This assignment will focus on critically appraising a research article which evaluated the safety and efficacy of a drug (Glycopyrronium) used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, against a second drug (Tiotropium) used in the treatment of the same condition. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the nameRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1509 Words   |  7 PagesBobby Muniz 12/5/15 A block Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Introduction Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a disease that effects the respiratory system. It is a progressive disease, which means the get gets worse as time passes (What Is COPD?). Although their are different types of COPD, the common similarity in the disease is increasing breathlessness. The main symptoms are increasing of breathlessness, frequent coughing, wheezing and tightness in the chest. 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The biggest thing I have learned from music Free Essays

In â€Å"The Art of Eating Spaghetti,† Russel Baker’s discovered his passion to become a writer. Wrting was the only talent and it was the only outlet for him to find who he is. If there was one thing that I’ve noticed that has changed me, that is music. We will write a custom essay sample on The biggest thing I have learned from music or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before I got into music, I was someone completely different. But then about 10 years ago, I finally bought my first music CD; it was a soundtrack to the movie, Crow: City of Angels. That day, something just clicked in me, like a missing piece of a puzzle. After that, while my sister was at school, every chance I got I went into her already extensive music collection and began listening to more and more music. It was essentially a snowball effect from there. I just kept getting my hands on more and more music until I’ve amassed currently almost 500 albums. Much of my personality changed as well. It changed many of the ways I looked at the world because I started hearing so many more perspectives on it through the music. Instead of just a visual representation I had grown up with, I now had an audio representation of the world. So many ways of translation just coming straight to me through my ears. My views just broadened up so much and I started to accept much more into my life. I used to never like change. If I was at a restaurant, I’d get only what I absolutely knew I would like. Music made me to become much more experimental as it opened my eyes and helped me become much more acceptable of change and trying new things. I would say that’s the biggest thing I have learned from music. Is the prospect of how beautiful things can become if looked at in more than one way. Music showed this to me and taught me a way to be able to finally express it. I used to have such a hard time expressing myself, but music became my avenue for expression. Now whatever effects me, it can show in my work, and the music I write. Again, music taught me how to accept change, and also to become more passionate. Well it kind of goes hand in hand to me, as expression leads to passion, and vice versa. I tried to do that with art, but it just never fully took me the way music did. I’ve grown and changed more from music than anything else in my entire life. If you knew me ten years ago, you wouldn’t even know me anymore. It’s funny how much some of the most simple things to some people, can be so complex and life changing to others. But thankfully, I was fortunate enough to discover music, because I ca n’t imagine anymore the way I was. Now my world is so much more open to interpretation in ways I never thought possible before. Music would probably be the first drug I can say I ever discovered. When I listened to that movie soundtrack for the first time, listening to all those great bands, I just felt such a rush like nothing I ever felt before. It was insane to me. That cd was a gateway for me to bigger and better music. A lot of music is just music to me, thats all, I still enjoy it, but some bands and soundtracks are something else. My prime example is Tool. When I first heard their song called â€Å"Third Eye†, I learned that music carried no boundaries. This was music unlike any rock I’ve ever heard before. It was so intricate as it went on. So many parts to the song that sound nothing alike, but they mesh together like a beautiful tapestry. Parts are peaceful and beautiful, and parts are a tempest of intruments, and each section rung a note inside me, just taking me someplace else entirely when I closed my eyes. Its like, behind my eyelids, I could see what the singer was seeing as he sa ng his heart out. The first time this ever happened to me, I could remember vividly like I was on a sandy desert, but it wasn’t hot, it was rather cool and the sky was pinkish. And there were pools of water all over the place, like it just rained for hours, and inside the sand, there were black shiny stones everywhere scattered. After that happened to me, I been hooked on Tool ever since. No music has had a more profound effect on me before that day. Man, if anything can make a grown woman feel like a little child that is so excited before christmas, that is Tool for me. So overall, music has showed me how much more there is in the world besides what we see everyday. The eyes are just one sense, and the ears can tell just as much about the world as the eyes. The world just appears more beautiful when you can see deeper inside of it. You have to see the abstract of something to truly appreciate it for how beautiful it is. How to cite The biggest thing I have learned from music, Papers

Role of a Construction Manager on Build Quality †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Role of a Construction Manager on Build Quality. Answer: The purpose of this essay is to stress on the role of a construction manager on the build quality of a construction project in progress.Project management can be seen as a core capability within construction industry, so higher level project planning would be a necessity for the success of the project. The text consists of data which were collected from approximately 555 construction managers from different countries and planning capabilities of construction managers are compared with various other industrial sectors. Apart from that, critical project planning for the process of the constructions in progress are also identified in the text. Construction projects obtain a higher quality of project planning and better success rate. The impact of critical planning process is investigated in the text. It is found that construction managers who wish to improve their projects at the planning phase, they should look into accurate identification of all the activities focusing on the development of the planning of the project (Zwikael 2009). This study provides the facts regarding the behavior that leads to inaccurate processing within a small design and build contracting organization that recruits labors directly the main objective is to decrease process waste and improving the value of those are to be delivered to the customers. Action research is used for identification and bringing in changes within the organization, and the method was applied to constructions in progress in the domestic housing sector. The intervention is to raise awareness of the site personnel to the importance of finishing the works via informal discussions and techniques regarding visualmanagement techniques (Emmitt, Pasquire and Mertia 2012). The main findings of the research are, Raising awareness of the importance of finishing the constructions to allow other trades to follow on unconstrained and that leads to significant improvement in the quality of the project. This helps in saving budget and time too. This research provides a unique insight into the application of thinking tools and process improvement. The construction managers project delivery method can be said as an emerging method in transport industry to promote better understanding of the benefits and oddities implementing a promising project delivery method. This research provides the output from the conference relying on content analysis of the presentations provided in the conference (Schierholz, Gransberg and McMinimee 2012). Apart from the previously told point, the paper also includes a panel discussion. The paper states that the state of the practice in construction manager is advancing since NCHRP synthesis 402 was completed in 2009. The paper also stresses on the major challenges for the implementation is the need for proper training for DOT personnel and the consultancy firms and construction organizations. This paper states that a competent construction manager is important for the success of the project. There are many studies regarding the efficiency of the managers but there are very few regarding the context of green construction. The paper further stresses on the challenges that a manager face while constructing a green construction. This study discusses how to establish knowledge base for the construction managers to execute green projects (Hwang, Bon-Gang and Wei Jian 2013). This study shows the challenges that a manager faces while constructing a sustainable project. Integrated project delivery can be seen as an emerging delivery system for the construction projects that involves participants very early in the timeline of the project, or sometimes even before the design is made. This paper fills the gap by judging the performance of Integrated project delivery comparing with the projects where traditional design bid build systems were followed while delivering. The results show that, IPD achieves significantly better rate of improvement in construction industry. The performance level is increased in sectors like quality, communication, environmental and financial performance. IPD provides better quality of facilities with lesser cost premium (El Asmar et al. 2013). The text stresses on the factors of quality management, and those are mentioned below. Quality management in a construction site Construction Quality Management can be referred to as the performance of jobs that makes it sure that the construction is getting built by following the plans chalked out earlier within allocated time and budget under a safe workplace environment. In case of a constructionproject quality management comes in the first place in the priority list. The issues regarding qualitative factors of any building must be resolved faster with high priority to ensure the safety of the labors or other employees who are working in the site and then the clients or other customers who are going to reside there or attend office there. The construction manager must take full responsibility to ensure the safety and qualitative factors of the buildings. If the safety and security issues with the qualitative factors come are under question, then it can bring in threats from government and media that can be dangerous for the reputation of the organization that are responsible for erecting the building (Kerzner 2013). Construction managers widely known as site managers and their basic job is to supervise and to help in operating various projects within the building project. The construction managers take responsibility of completion of any building projects with safety and ensure that the project is finished within time allotted for it to finish and it is finished within the budget allowance. The projects on the constructions managers work on range from small projects to huge gigantic projects both domestic and commercial. The job of construction managers comes with many challenges. Their job is not as easy as it seems. The main duties of the construction managers are described below. This section involves the planning of the total project with proper documentation of all the jobs those are to be completed. This process ensures that there are no problematic issues present in the project regarding materials or labors. The previously allotted budget is all that a construction manager can spend for the completion of the project and I should be taken care of with efficiency. This is the part of work where a construction manager needs to do some serious work regarding cost management (Sarda and Dewalkar 2016) References Emmitt, Stephen, Christine Pasquire, and Basant Mertia. "Is good enough making do? An investigation of inappropriate processing in a small design and build company."Construction Innovation12, no. 3 (2012): 369-383. Hwang, Bon-Gang, and Wei Jian Ng. "Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges."International Journal of Project Management31, no. 2 (2013): 272-284. Kerzner, Harold.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Sarda, A. and Dewalkar, S., 2016, ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCY IN CONSTRUCTION. Sarda, A. and Dewalkar, S., 2016, ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCY IN CONSTRUCTION. Schierholz, Jeanna, Douglas D. Gransberg, and James McMinimee.Benefits and challenges of implementing construction manager/general contractor project delivery: The view from the field. No. 12-1206. 2012. Zwikael, Ofer. "Critical planning processes in construction projects."Construction Innovation9, no. 4 (2009): 372-387.